| Purpose/StructureWhether the position fits the task and lasts, and how well organization, transitions, introduction and conclusion carry it.1–4 points | Above grade level: a focused position held throughout, in a structure that strengthens the essay. - The position fits the task and stays consistent from beginning to end.
- The organization makes the response stronger and moves the argument forward.
- Transitions are chosen with purpose, connect ideas within and between paragraphs, and make the essay cohesive.
- The introduction and conclusion add to the essay, not just open and close it.
| Within grade-level range: a clear position, mostly held, in a logical structure. - The position fits the task and is held for most of the essay.
- The organization is logical and lets the argument move forward.
- Purposeful transitions connect ideas within and between paragraphs.
- The introduction and conclusion are enough to make the essay feel complete.
| Approaching grade level: the position is unclear or slips, and the structure is uneven. - The position may be unclear, only loosely related to the task, or not kept up.
- The organization may repeat itself or be inconsistent, which interrupts the flow of ideas.
- Transitions try to connect ideas but may lack purpose or variety.
- There may be an introduction and conclusion, but they are repetitive, simple or not effective.
| Below grade level: the position is missing or confusing, with little structure. - The position may be missing, vague or confusing, showing little awareness of the task.
- There is little or no organization a reader can follow.
- Transitions are missing or confusing.
- The introduction and conclusion may not connect to the response or may confuse the reader.
- The response may be too short to show purpose, structure or task.
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| DevelopmentHow well the position is developed with elaboration, cited evidence and counterclaims at grade-level expectations.1–4 points | Above grade level: skillful development, smoothly integrated cited evidence, and counterclaims fully addressed. - Development is skillful and shows a thorough understanding of the topic.
- Elaboration combines the student's own writing with paraphrase, text evidence, examples, definitions, narrative or rhetorical techniques to strengthen the argument.
- Relevant evidence from several sources is integrated smoothly and makes the argument credible.
- Grade-level expectations for counterclaims are fully met.
- Evidence is cited.
| Within grade-level range: logical development, relevant cited evidence, and counterclaims sufficiently addressed. - Development is logical and shows understanding of the topic.
- Elaboration is adequate, combining the student's own writing with paraphrase, evidence, examples or similar techniques to support the argument.
- Relevant evidence from several sources is integrated and makes the argument credible.
- Grade-level expectations for counterclaims are sufficiently met.
- Evidence is cited.
| Approaching grade level: partial development, source-heavy elaboration, weak counterclaims and missing citations. - Development shows partial or incomplete understanding of the topic.
- Elaboration tries to develop the argument but may lean heavily on the sources, include loosely related information or repeat itself.
- Evidence may be partly integrated, or related to the topic without supporting the argument.
- Grade-level expectations for counterclaims are not sufficiently met.
- Citations are missing or inadequate.
| Below grade level: minimal development, vague or missing evidence, and no workable counterclaim. - The response may show little understanding of the topic or little development.
- Elaboration may be confusing, minimal or absent.
- Information quoted or paraphrased from the sources may be missing, vague or confusing.
- Counterclaims are missing or confusing.
- Citations are missing.
- The response may be too short to show elaboration or knowledge of the topic or sources.
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| LanguageVocabulary, sentence variety, command of standard English conventions, and tone or voice.1–4 points | Above grade level: precise academic vocabulary, skillful sentence variety and consistent control of conventions. - Academic vocabulary is woven in and strengthens the ideas.
- Varied sentence structures are used skillfully and help ideas flow.
- Grammar, punctuation, capitalization and spelling show consistent command of standard English.
- Tone or voice strengthens the overall argument.
| Within grade-level range: clear vocabulary, varied sentences and grade-appropriate conventions. - Academic vocabulary expresses ideas clearly.
- Sentence structure is varied and shows language control expected for the grade.
- Grammar, punctuation, capitalization and spelling show grade-appropriate command of standard English.
- Tone or voice suits the argument.
| Approaching grade level: basic or imprecise word choice, partly controlled sentences and distracting errors. - Vocabulary and word choice may be basic or imprecise.
- Sentences may be only partly controlled, fairly simple, or below what is expected for the grade.
- Errors in grammar, punctuation, capitalization or spelling may be frequent enough to distract, showing partial command of conventions.
- Tone or voice may be inconsistent.
- A response can be mostly correct and still score here if it is too short to show grade-appropriate language skills.
| Below grade level: vague or confusing language and serious errors that often obscure meaning. - Vocabulary and word choice may be vague, unclear or confusing.
- Sentences may be simplistic or confusing.
- Serious errors in conventions show little command of standard English and often get in the way of meaning.
- Tone or voice may not suit the task.
- A very short response with errors shows a lack of command of language skills.
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